Types of polymers and their applications
Polymers are chemical substances that are composed of long molecular chains and have wide applications in various industries due to their unique properties. In this article, we will examine the types of polymers and their applications.
1. Natural polymers
Natural polymers are substances that are found naturally in the environment. These polymers include:
Cellulose: which is present in the structure of the cell walls of plants and is used in the production of paper and textiles.
Proteins: which play a role in the structure of the body of living organisms and are used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Starch: which is stored in plants as a source of energy and is used in the food industry and the production of biodegradable plastics.
2. Synthetic polymers
Synthetic polymers are substances that are produced in laboratories and factories. These polymers include:
Polyethylene (PE): Used in the production of plastic bags, bottles and pipes.
Polypropylene (PP): Used in the production of automotive parts, food packaging and textile fibers.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Used in the production of pipes, cables and flooring
3. Semi-synthetic polymers
Semi-synthetic polymers are obtained by chemical modification of natural polymers. These polymers include:
Cellulose acetate: Used in the production of photographic films and cigarette filters.
Cellulose nitrate: Used in the production of varnishes and paints
4. Thermoplastic polymers
These polymers soften when heated and can be molded into various shapes. Some of these polymers include:
Polystyrene (PS): Used in the production of disposable containers and thermal insulation.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET): Used in the production of beverage bottles and synthetic fibers.
5. Thermoset polymers (thermosets)
These polymers harden when heated and cannot be remelted. Some of these polymers include:
Epoxy: Used in the production of adhesives and protective coatings.
Bakelite: Used in the production of electrical components and insulators.
Conclusion
Polymers have a wide range of applications in various industries, including automotive, packaging, electronics, and medicine, due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Understanding the types of polymers and their applications can help improve production processes and reduce costs.